Fiche 4 : Instruments et missions spatiales en anglais

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Instruments d'observation

InstrumentFrançaisUsage
Optical telescopeTélescope optiqueObserves visible light from celestial objects
Radio telescopeRadiotélescopeDetects radio waves from space (e.g. Arecibo, VLA)
Infrared telescopeTélescope infrarougeDetects heat signatures, penetrates dust clouds
Space telescopeTélescope spatialAbove atmosphere, no distortion (Hubble, Webb)
SpectrographSpectrographeAnalyses light to determine chemical composition
InterferometerInterféromètreCombines signals from multiple telescopes for high resolution

Missions spatiales emblématiques

MissionAgencyKey achievement
Apollo 11 (1969)NASAFirst crewed Moon landing ("One small step for man…")
Voyager 1 (1977)NASAFirst spacecraft to enter interstellar space (2012)
Hubble Space Telescope (1990)NASA/ESATransformed our understanding of the universe's age
Mars Curiosity (2012)NASAFound evidence of ancient water activity on Mars
Perseverance (2021)NASASearching for ancient microbial life on Mars
James Webb (2021)NASA/ESA/CSADeepest infrared images of the universe
Artemis (2022–)NASAReturn humans to the Moon and prepare for Mars

Vocabulaire des missions

EnglishFrançais
LaunchLancement
RoverVéhicule d'exploration
ProbeSonde spatiale
SpacecraftVaisseau spatial
Spacewalk / EVASortie extravéhiculaire
DockingAmarrage
Re-entryRentrée atmosphérique
Mission controlCentre de contrôle mission

Phrases utiles